ChemicalEgg

Gweru

2005-03-18T16:03:00.000-08:00

Formerly Gwelo, town, central Zimbabwe, on the Gweru River. The original Matabele settlement was named iKwelo (“The Steep Place”), after the river's high banks. The modern town, founded in 1894 as a military outpost, developed as an agricultural centre and became a municipality in 1914. Situated along the road and railway between Harare (formerly Salisbury) and Bulawayo and near the rail spur to Maputo,

Say, Léon

2005-03-17T06:43:00.000-08:00

Say was born into a prominent Protestant family and was the grandson of another well-known economist, Jean-Baptiste Say. Early in his career, Say worked for the Journal des Débats, later becoming its editor. He became known for his opposition to the Second Empire in general

Arculf

2005-03-14T03:58:00.000-08:00

On his return from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land (c. 680), Arculf was driven by storm to Scotland and so arrived at the Hebridean

France, History Of, Rural life

2005-03-13T02:05:00.000-08:00

Rural life changed more gradually. The expanding markets favoured well-endowed or efficient lords or peasants who could produce a surplus of goods for sale. Such conditions were less common in the south than in the north, although they could be found in most wine-producing areas. But, while rising prices benefited producers, they contributed to certain difficulties

Teapot Dome Scandal

2005-03-10T07:58:00.000-08:00

Also called the Oil Reserves, or Elk Hills, Scandal, in American history, scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall. After President Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921, Fall secretly granted to Harry F. Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive

Jackson, John

2005-03-08T11:55:00.000-08:00

American blues guitarist (b. Feb. 25, 1924, Woodville, Va.—d. Jan. 20, 2002, Fairfax, Va.), was considered a master of the Piedmont blues tradition. While playing guitar for friends at a gas station in Fairfax, Va., in 1964, Jackson was discovered by University of Virginia folklorist Charles L. Perdue, who subsequently arranged for Jackson to go on tour and introduced him to record company executives.

Tar-baby

2005-03-06T20:48:00.000-08:00

In Harris' version,

Zaghlul, Sa'd

2005-03-04T03:57:00.000-08:00

Zaghlul was from a well-to-do peasant family in Ibyanah in the Nile River delta. He was educated at the Muslim University of Al-Azhar in Cairo and at the Egyptian

Porpora, Nicola (antonio Giacinto)

2005-03-02T14:13:00.000-08:00

Porpora was maestro

Hachiman

2005-03-01T21:57:00.000-08:00

One of the most popular Shinto deities of Japan; the patron deity of the Minamoto clan and of warriors in general; often referred to as the god of war. Hachiman is commonly regarded as the deification of Ojin, the 15th emperor of Japan. He is seldom worshipped alone, however, and Hachiman shrines are most frequently dedicated to three deities: Hachiman as Ojin, his mother the

Palanpur

2005-02-27T06:59:00.000-08:00

City, Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies in the lowlands between the Aravalli Range and the Kathiawar Peninsula. The former capital of the princely state of Palanpur, the city is now a trade and processing centre for agricultural produce and a rail and road junction. Palanpur is also known for its handicrafts. Pop. (1991 prelim.) 80,620.

Vanadinite

2005-02-25T10:39:00.000-08:00

Vanadium mineral in the pyromorphite series of the apatite group of phosphates, lead chloride vanadate, Pb5(VO4)3Cl. It is a source of vanadium and a minor source of lead. The mineral's typical occurrences are as orange, red, or brown hairlike or barrel-shaped crystals in the oxidized zone of lead deposits as in the Urals, Russia; Transvaal, S.Af.; Chihuahua, Mex.; and Arizona, U.S.

Buddhism, The Buddha: divinization and multiplicity

2005-02-22T15:49:00.000-08:00

As Mahayana developed,

Wesleyan Church

2005-02-20T13:49:00.000-08:00

U.S. Protestant church, organized in 1968 by the merger of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of America and the Pilgrim Holiness Church. The Wesleyan Methodist Church originated in 1843 after members of the Methodist Episcopal Church withdrew from that church to organize a nonepiscopal, antislavery church. The Pilgrim Holiness Church originated in 1897 by uniting several Holiness

Aufwuchs

2005-02-19T10:30:00.000-08:00

(German: “growth”), the community of plants and animals that are attached to or move about on the surfaces of submerged stems, leaves, rocks, sticks, or debris but do not penetrate the surface. The term periphyton is sometimes used to indicate organisms that attach themselves to submerged plant leaves or stems.

Naser Od-din Shah

2005-02-16T23:12:00.000-08:00

Although a younger son of Mohammad Shah, Naser od-Din was named heir apparent through the influence of his mother. Serious

Loch (of Drylaw), Henry Brougham Loch, 1st Baron

2005-02-14T09:46:00.000-08:00

A career soldier, Loch began his service in India (1844–53) and fought in the Crimean War (1853–56) and in the second and third China wars (1857–58 and 1860). After 1860 he held civil appointments. From

Kiriwina Islands

2005-02-13T10:33:00.000-08:00

Also called Trobriand Islands coral formations in the Solomon Sea of the southwestern Pacific, Papua New Guinea, 90 miles (145 km) north of the southeasternmost extension of the island of New Guinea. The low-lying group, all of coralline limestone and many fringed by coral reefs, comprises four larger islands, Kiriwina (Trobriand), Kaileuna, Vakuta, and Kitava, and several islets, with a total land area of about

China, Foreign relations

2005-02-11T06:22:00.000-08:00

Whereas in Ming times the Chinese organized themselves along wholly bureaucratic and tightly centralized lines, the Ming emperors maintained China's traditional feudal-seeming relationships with foreign peoples. These included the aboriginal tribes of south and southwest China, who often rose in isolated rebellions but were gradually being assimilated.

Gynecomastia

2005-02-08T16:36:00.000-08:00

Enlargement of the breasts in the male, usually because of hormone imbalance. The growth and development of male breasts are like those of the female until puberty. The male reproductive organs (testes) then begin secreting male hormones (androgens), which normally suppress further breast development. The breasts of the female continue to grow owing to the presence

Salamander

2005-02-07T20:04:00.000-08:00

Any member of a group of about 400 species of amphibians that have tails and that constitute the order Caudata. The order comprises 10 families, among which are newts and salamanders proper (family Salamandridae) as well as hellbenders, mud puppies, and lungless salamanders. They most commonly occur in freshwater and damp woodlands,

Lilienthal, David E.

2005-02-05T00:06:00.000-08:00

After graduation from DePauw University (Greencastle, Ind.) and Harvard Law School (1923), Lilienthal practiced law, engaging especially in cases of labour

Ulam, Stanislaw Marcin

2005-02-03T20:35:00.000-08:00

Ulam received a doctoral degree (1933) at the Polytechnic Institute in Lvov (now Lviv). At the invitation of John von Neumann, he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New

Marsh, George Perkins

2005-02-01T15:50:00.000-08:00

Educated at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., Marsh developed a successful law practice, but his wide-ranging mind led him into the study of

Argentina, Attempts to restore constitutionalism, 195566

2005-01-29T01:42:00.000-08:00

Lonardi recognized the strength of Peronism and sought a compromise, but he was displaced in November 1955 by General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu. The new administration was a military dictatorship that sought to restore constitutional government. Taking a fiercely anti-Peronist stance, it dissolved Perón's old party and placed the labour unions under state administration.

Wuppertal

2005-01-27T19:31:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. The city extends for 10 miles (16 km) along the steep banks of the Wupper River, a right-bank tributary of the Rhine, northeast of Düsseldorf. Formed as Barmen-Elberfeld in 1929 through the amalgamation of the towns of Barmen, Elberfeld, Beyenburg, Cronenberg, Ronsdorf, and Vohwinkel, the name was changed to Wuppertal

Hadrumetum

2005-01-26T03:08:00.000-08:00

Modern Susah , also spelled Sousa, or Sousse ancient Phoenician colony some 100 miles (160 km) south of Carthage, on the east coast of the Al-Hammamat Gulf in what is now Tunisia. Hadrumetum was one of the most important communities within the Carthaginian territory in northern Africa because of its location on the sea at the edge of the fertile Sahel region. In the Third Punic War (149–146 BC) Hadrumetum sided with Rome, and its citizens

Augustus Ii

2005-01-24T19:55:00.000-08:00

The second son of Elector John George III of Saxony, Augustus succeeded his elder brother John George IV as elector in 1694. After

Mobutu Sese Seko Koko Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (joseph-désiré Mobutu)

2005-01-22T22:40:00.000-08:00

Zairean politician (b. Oct. 14, 1930, Lisala, Belgian Congo--d. Sept. 7, 1997, Rabat, Mor.), as president of Zaire for nearly 32 years, ruled with absolute power. During his reign he took full advantage of the backing he received from the West, which viewed him during the Cold War as a guardian against communism. He amassed a personal fortune worth billions of dollars at the expense of the country's

Dowding, Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron

2005-01-19T08:46:00.000-08:00

A squadron commander in the Royal Flying Corps

Islamic World, Trans-Saharan Islam

2005-01-17T04:02:00.000-08:00

When the Ottomans expanded through the southern Mediterranean coast in the early 16th century, they were unable to incorporate Morocco, where a new state had been formed in reaction to the appearance of the Portuguese. The Portuguese were riding the momentum generated by their own seaborne expansion as well as by the fulfillment of the Reconquista and the establishment

Clovis I

2005-01-15T04:50:00.000-08:00

Clovis was the son

Crane Fly

2005-01-13T13:00:00.000-08:00

Also called Daddy Long Legs, any insect of the family Tipulidae (order Diptera). In English-speaking countries other than the United States, the crane fly is popularly called daddy long legs because it has a slender, mosquito-like body and extremely long legs. (In the United States, “daddy longlegs” generally refers to an arachnid.) Ranging in size from tiny to almost 3 cm (1.2 inches) long, these

United Nations

2005-01-11T01:52:00.000-08:00

The Arab League on September 21 voted to defy UN sanctions by permitting planes carrying Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi, the Libyan leader, to land on the territory of member nations and to permit flights to Libya for humanitarian and religious purposes. The sanctions were imposed on Libya in 1992 over its refusal to surrender suspects wanted in the U.S. and Britain in connection

World War I, The strategy of the Western Allies, 1914

2005-01-09T21:17:00.000-08:00

For some 30 years after 1870, considering the likelihood of another German war, the French high command had subscribed to the strategy of an initial defensive to be followed by a counterstroke against the expected invasion: a great system of fortresses was created on the frontier, but gaps were left in order to “canalize” the German attack. France's alliance with Russia and

Tigris-euphrates River System

2005-01-08T18:36:00.000-08:00

Great river system of Southwest Asia, comprising the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which have their sources within 50 miles (80 km) of each other in eastern Turkey and travel southeast through northern Syria and Iraq to the head of the Persian Gulf. The lower portion of the region that they define, known as Mesopotamia (Greek: “Land Between the Rivers”), was one of the cradles of

Arab Legion

2005-01-06T22:40:00.000-08:00

Arabic Al-jaish Al-'arabi, police force raised in 1921 by British Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Gerard Peake in what was then the British protectorate of Transjordan, to keep order among Transjordanian tribes and to safeguard Transjordanian villagers from Bedouins. In 1939 Major (later General) John Bagot Glubb, called Glubb Pasha, became the legion's commander and transformed it into the most effective

Dadra And Nagar Haveli

2005-01-02T08:52:00.000-08:00

The terrain of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is undulating and hilly, reaching elevations of 1,000 feet in the northeast and east near the Western Ghats. Lowland areas are limited to the central plains, which are crossed by the Damanganga River and its tributaries. The only navigable river in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, the Damanganga rises in Maharashtra and flows northwestward through

Minamoto Yoshiie

2004-12-31T14:13:00.000-08:00

The son of Minamoto Yoriyoshi, Yoshiie aided his father in the battles known as the Earlier Nine Years' War (1051–62), which ultimately resulted in

Medicine, Clinical observation

2004-12-28T23:40:00.000-08:00

Much of the investigative clinical field work undertaken in the present day requires only relatively simple laboratory facilities because it is observational rather than experimental in character. A feature of much contemporary medical research is that it requires the collaboration of a number of persons, perhaps not all of them doctors. Despite the advancing

Korean Language

2004-12-26T05:35:00.000-08:00

Language spoken by more than 72 million people, of whom 45 million live in South Korea and 24 million in North Korea. There are more than 2 million speakers in China, more than 700,000 in the United States, and somewhat fewer in Japan. More than 200,000 Koreans live in Kazakstan and Uzbekistan. Korean is the official language of both South Korea (Republic of Korea) and North Korea (Democratic People's

Gafencu, Grigore

2004-12-24T00:48:00.000-08:00

Educated at Geneva and Paris, Gafencu entered journalism after World War I. In 1924 he became editor and publisher of Argus, a leading economic periodical, and during the 1930s founded Timpul, which soon became

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

2004-12-22T15:40:00.000-08:00

Basedow as a boy revolted

Kadamba Family

2004-12-20T18:01:00.000-08:00

Their chroniclers claim that the family migrated from northern India, but other records suggest that they were indigenous to Kuntala (Northern Kanara). An early inscription, the accuracy of which is unknown, describes the dynastic

Ta-pa Mountains

2004-12-18T14:13:00.000-08:00

Wade–Giles romanization Ta-pa Shan, Pinyin Daba Shan, mountain range dividing Szechwan province from Shensi province, China. Like the Tsinling Mountains to the north, from which it is separated by the Han River valley and the basin near Han-chung in Shensi, it is an eastward continuation of the Kunlun Mountains. The Ta-pa range is a broad belt of mountains running roughly northwest to southeast, forming the northern rim

World War I, German strategy and the submarine war, 1916January 1917

2004-12-17T10:05:00.000-08:00

Both Admiral Scheer and General Falkenhayn doubted whether the German submarines could do any decisive damage to Great Britain so long as their warfare was restricted in deference to the protests of the United States; and, after a tentative reopening of the submarine campaign on Feb. 4, 1916, the German naval authorities in March gave the U-boats permission to sink without

Gadamer, Hans-georg

2004-12-14T21:58:00.000-08:00

German philosopher (b. Feb. 11, 1900, Marburg, Ger.—d. March 14, 2002, Heidelberg, Ger.), was a principal figure in 20th-century philosophical hermeneutics. His conception of language as a historical phenomenon had great influence in postmodernist and poststructuralist thought. Gadamer studied philosophy in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Pol.), Munich, and Marburg, where he completed a doctorate (1922) on

Chad, Flag Of

2004-12-12T06:43:00.000-08:00

When French West Africa was under colonial rule, little was done to develop a sense of nationality; emphasis was on the culture and political and economic systems of France. The independence movement in Africa in the mid-20th century therefore found Chad, like most other territories, with few precedents for establishing its own symbols. When the Republic of Chad was

Philip Iii

2004-12-10T05:41:00.000-08:00

Philip was the son of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria. When he became duke of Burgundy at the age of 23, his first aim was to extricate himself as expeditiously

Grayling

2004-12-07T08:06:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1879) of Crawford county, north-central Michigan, U.S., on the Middle Branch of the Au Sable River, one of the most celebrated trout streams in the Midwest, 52 miles (84 km) east of Traverse City. Named for the once plentiful grayling, the city developed as a resort for summer and winter sports. Nearby are the Hartwick Pines, North Higgins Lake, and South Higgins Lake state parks

France, History Of, The Jacobin dictatorship

2004-12-04T11:45:00.000-08:00

The Convention consolidated its revolutionary government in the Law of 14 Frimaire Year II (Dec. 4, 1793; for a discussion of the Revolutionary calendar, see below). To organize the Revolution, to promote confidence and compliance, efficiency and control, this law centralized authority in a parliamentary dictatorship, with the Committee of Public Safety at the helm. The committee

Seabury, Samuel

2004-12-03T01:00:00.000-08:00

Seabury was educated in medicine at Yale University and the University of Edinburgh. After he became a priest in 1753, he served parishes in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in Jamaica, New York, and in Westchester, New York; he also practiced

Davis, Benjamin O., Jr.

2004-11-30T08:39:00.000-08:00

Davis studied at the University of Chicago before entering the United States Military Academy at West Point,

Lupton, Thomas Goff

2004-11-28T01:06:00.000-08:00

Lupton was apprenticed

Aschelminth, Internal features

2004-11-26T09:09:00.000-08:00

The graceful body waves by which nematodes move are brought about by the alternating contraction of dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles acting on the cuticle and opposed by hydrostatic pressure in the body tissues. This hydraulic skeleton affects all aspects of the nematode. The cuticle must resist stretching in length and circumference and yet remain

Carnivore, Natural history

2004-11-24T02:09:00.000-08:00

Hyenas form a relatively homogeneous family that includes two basic types: the true hyenas (two species of Hyaena and one of Crocuta) and the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus; see photograph). Hyenas are noted for their scavenger feeding and bone-crushing habits, although they do hunt live animals. Their food consists largely of the remains of artiodactyls,

Nebula, Neutral clouds (H I regions)

2004-11-22T09:58:00.000-08:00

Neutral hydrogen is dominant in clouds that have enough starlight to dissociate molecular hydrogen but lack hydrogen-ionizing photons from hot stars. These clouds can be seen as separate structures within the lower-density interstellar medium or else on the outer edges of the molecular clouds. Because a neutral cloud moves through space as a single entity, it

Paleography

2004-11-21T23:55:00.000-08:00

Precise boundaries for paleography are hard to define. For example, epigraphy, the study of inscriptions cut on immovable objects for permanent public inspection, is related to paleography. Casual graffiti, sale or election notices as found on the walls

Adam Of Bremen

2004-11-18T01:52:00.000-08:00

Of Franconian origin, he was probably educated at the cathedral school in Bamberg but was introduced in 1066 or 1067 into the cathedral chapter at Bremen by Archbishop

Alimentary Paste

2004-11-16T09:09:00.000-08:00

A shaped and dried dough prepared from semolina, farina, wheat flour, or a mixture of these with water or milk and with or without egg or egg yolk. See pasta.

West Frisian Islands

2004-11-14T04:37:00.000-08:00

Dutch West Friese Eilanden, part of the chain of Frisian Islands (q.v.), which lie in the North Sea just off the coast of northwestern Europe. They belong to The Netherlands.

Bacheller, Irving (addison)

2004-11-12T02:36:00.000-08:00

Bacheller graduated from St. Lawrence University, Canton, N.Y., in 1882 and entered journalism. In 1883 in Brooklyn, N.Y., he founded the first modern newspaper syndicate and through

Ciné-club

2004-11-11T10:57:00.000-08:00

Enthusiasts formed the first ciné-clubs in England in the mid-1920s to discuss

Ahhiyawa

2004-11-09T21:00:00.000-08:00

Also called Ahhiya ancient kingdom lying to the west of the Hittite empire. The exact location of Ahhiyawa is not definitely known but may have been western Anatolia or one of the islands in the Aegean Sea. The most commonly held theory is that the people of Ahhiyawa were the Achaeans of Homer, early Mycenaean Greeks. Another theory represents them as ancestors of the Trojans. In any case,

Bean, Roy

2004-11-06T15:36:00.000-08:00

For much of his life from the time he left his Kentucky home in 1847, Bean moved from town to town—in Mexico, Southern California, New Mexico, and Texas—getting into and fleeing from one scrape after another, killing at least two men in duels. During the Civil

Theodosius I

2004-11-04T11:07:00.000-08:00

In 379 and 380 Theodosius resided chiefly in Thessalonica. He sought first to rebuild the army, the discipline of which was considerably impaired, and to consolidate Rome's position on the Balkan peninsula. Military unpreparedness could not be overcome by conscription alone, which applied only to certain classes. Theodosius therefore directed that large numbers of

Telescope, X-ray telescopes

2004-11-02T00:21:00.000-08:00

The X-ray telescope is used to examine the shorter-wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum adjacent to the ultraviolet region. The design of this type of telescope must be radically different from that of a conventional reflector. Since X-ray photons have so much energy, they would pass right through the mirror of a standard reflector. X rays must be bounced

Canadian Imperial Bank Of Commerce

2004-11-01T14:41:00.000-08:00

The bank was established in 1858 as the Bank of Canada and reorganized in 1867 as the Canadian Bank of Commerce. The present name was assumed upon the merger in 1961 of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and the Imperial Bank of Canada (established in 1875). Over the years the bank has absorbed

Nordmeyer, Sir Arnold Henry

2004-10-30T20:57:00.000-07:00

Nordmeyer graduated from the University of Otago and served as a Presbyterian minister from 1925 until he entered the New Zealand Parliament in 1935. He helped draft the Social Security Act of 1938, which formed the basis for the nation's welfare system,

Strabo

2004-10-26T08:07:00.000-07:00

Greek geographer and historian whose Geography is the only extant work covering the whole range of peoples and countries known to both Greeks and Romans during the reign of Augustus (27 BC–AD 14). Its numerous quotations from technical literature, moreover, provide a remarkable account of the state of Greek geographical science, as well as of the history of

Earth, Variation with internal density distribution

2004-10-23T00:13:00.000-07:00

If the Earth were horizontally stratified so that density varied only with depth, the Bouguer anomaly would be everywhere close to zero. In fact, because the Earth is heterogeneous, the gravitational anomaly field displays “roughness” over a very wide range of length scales and amplitudes. When the distribution of excess or deficiency in density is known, the effect

Rabab

2004-10-22T18:38:00.000-07:00

The rabab has a membrane belly and, commonly, two or three strings. There is normally no fingerboard,

Rabab

2004-10-19T19:41:00.000-07:00

American organization, founded in November 1874 in Cleveland, Ohio, in response to the “Woman's Crusade,” a series of temperance demonstrations that swept through New York and much of the Midwest in 1873–74. Annie Wittenmyer, an experienced wartime fund-raiser and administrator, was elected president at the WCTU's founding in 1874. During her five-year tenure the WCTU developed a network

Adductor Muscle

2004-10-17T21:13:00.000-07:00

Any of the muscles that draw a part of the body toward its median line or toward the axis of an extremity (compare abductor muscle), particularly three powerful muscles of the human thigh—adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus. Originating at the pubis and the ischium (lower portions of the pelvis—the hipbone), these ribbonlike muscles are attached along

Pottery, Archaic period (c. 750c. 480 BC)

2004-10-16T16:36:00.000-07:00

By c. 550 BC Athens had once again become the principal centre of pottery manufacture in Greece, having ousted its Corinthian rivals from the overseas markets. Its success is at least partially due to a sudden improvement in technique, for its potters had learned how to obtain the familiar orange-red surface of their vases by mixing a proportion of ruddle, or red ochre, with

Ausonius, Decimus Magnus

2004-10-13T09:39:00.000-07:00

Ausonius taught in the famous schools of Burdigala (now Bordeaux, Fr.), first as a grammarian and then as a rhetorician, so successfully that Valentinian I called him to Trier to tutor Gratian, who, on his

Kamacite

2004-10-11T19:44:00.000-07:00

Meteoritic mineral consisting of iron alloyed with 5 to 7 percent nickel. It is found in iron meteorites and comprises all the metal in hexahedrites; it also is a principal constituent of the octahedrites, where it is intergrown with taenite (meteoritic nickel–iron). Its name is derived from the Greek word for shaft or lath and alludes to the shape of its crystals, which

Iacocca, Lee

2004-10-10T03:40:00.000-07:00

The son of an Italian immigrant, Iacocca graduated from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1945 and received a master's degree

Empiricism, In modern philosophy

2004-10-06T18:01:00.000-07:00

In the earlier and unsystematically speculative phases of Renaissance philosophy, the claims of Aristotelian logic to yield substantial knowledge were attacked by several 16th-century logicians, and, in the same century, the role of observation was stressed. One mildly skeptical Christian thinker, Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655), advanced a deliberate revival of the empirical

Biblical Literature, Roman Catholicism

2004-10-04T01:37:00.000-07:00

Liturgical worship in both Judaism and Christianity is an action that moves within the framework of biblical ideas and explains itself in biblical language. Preoccupied with really different views from opposite windows, Jews and Christians have often overlooked the common heritage that they share. This has likewise been true of the differences between Eastern

Mueller, Sir Ferdinand Von

2004-10-02T02:27:00.000-07:00

After an apprenticeship as pharmacist, Mueller began the study of botany at the University of Kiel. Soon after receiving his Ph.D., he left Germany for Adelaide, South Australia (1847), where

Papyrology

2004-09-30T14:53:00.000-07:00

Most papyrus documents have been found in Egypt, where the papyrus plant was cultivated for the manufacture of writing material and the dry climate favoured preservation. Papyrus documents have been

Sculpture, Western, Early Christian

2004-09-27T20:44:00.000-07:00

Early in the 20th century it was thought that Christian art began after the death of Christ or, at least, in the second half of the 1st century AD. But later discoveries and studies showed that a truly Christian art—that is, with a style quite distinctive from Pagan Roman art—did not exist before the end of the 2nd or beginning of the 3rd century. When it ended, or rather developed

Insurance, England

2004-09-26T11:21:00.000-07:00

Fire insurance arose much later, obtaining impetus from the Great Fire of London in 1666. A number of insurance companies were started in England after 1711, during the so-called bubble era. Many of them were fraudulent, get-rich-quick schemes concerned mainly with selling their securities to the public. Nevertheless, two important and successful English insurance companies

Tumba, Lake

2004-09-23T18:36:00.000-07:00

Lake, part of the Congo River basin, northwestern Congo (Kinshasa). Lake Tumba lies 75 miles (120 km) northwest of Lake Mai-Ndombe (formerly Lake Léopold II). It covers 190 square miles (500 square km) and is 6–20 feet (2–6 m) deep. The lake empties into the Congo River by Irebu channel, just opposite its confluence with the Ubangi River. Lake Tumba is shallow, with low shores, and is navigable by river

Florida Current

2004-09-21T10:47:00.000-07:00

Swift surface oceanic current flowing northward, following the shallow continental slope between the Straits of Florida and Cape Hatteras. Emerging from the Caribbean Sea, carrying about 880,000,000 cubic feet (25,000,000 cubic m) of water per second, the Florida Current is joined by the Antilles Current, which transports approximately 420,000,000 cubic feet (approximately 11,893,000 cubic m) per second. Florida

Elizabeth I

2004-09-20T15:47:00.000-07:00

Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display

'abd Al-mu'min

2004-09-17T03:56:00.000-07:00

Even while he was pursuing his conquest, 'Abd al-Mu'min had established a central government for his empire. To the traditional clan organization of the Masmudah and other Berber peoples supporting the Almohads he added an organization to promote the spread of Almohad doctrine and a central administration (the makhzan) modeled on those of Muslim Spain, which was staffed

Elias, Norbert

2004-09-15T04:04:00.000-07:00

Elias studied medicine, philosophy, and sociology and taught at the universities of Heidelberg

Sarangpur

2004-09-14T10:32:00.000-07:00

City, northwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India, just east of the Kali Sindh River. Sarangpur is located on an ancient site. It has a number of Jaina and Hindu ruins, including a 12th-century Jaina statue. It rose to importance in the 13th century under Sarang Singh Khichi, after whom it is named, and was a chief Mughal trade centre. It passed to Dewas princely state by treaty

Weser River

2004-09-12T03:11:00.000-07:00

Just

Devolution, War Of

2004-09-09T01:21:00.000-07:00

Devolution was a local custom governing the inheritance of land in certain provinces of the Spanish Netherlands, by which daughters of a first marriage were preferred to sons of subsequent marriages; and Louis XIV of France began the war on the pretext that this

Beverly

2004-09-07T07:53:00.000-07:00

City, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It is situated on Beverly Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, just north of Salem. Settled about 1626, it was named for Beverley, England, when incorporated as a town (township) in 1668. It early developed as a shipping centre, and the schooner Hannah, claimed to be the first ship of the U.S. Navy, was commissioned (September 5, 1775) at Glover's

Razi, Ar-

2004-09-06T16:08:00.000-07:00

One tradition holds that ar-Razi was already an alchemist before he gained his medical knowledge. After serving as chief physician in a Rayy hospital, he held a similar position in Baghdad for some time. Like many

Isabella I

2004-09-03T09:56:00.000-07:00

Byname Isabella the Catholic , Spanish Isabel la Católica queen of Castile (1474–1504) and of Aragon (1479–1504), ruling the two kingdoms jointly from 1479 with her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand V of Castile). Their rule effected the permanent union of Spain and the beginning of an overseas empire in the New World, led by Christopher Columbus under Isabella's

Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad

2004-09-01T03:37:00.000-07:00

Abdullah was educated at the Prince of Wales College (Jammu) and the Islamia College (Lahore) and received an M.S. degree in physics from Aligarh

Swimming

2004-08-31T03:03:00.000-07:00

Eighty divers from 18 countries competed in the 24th International at Fort Lauderdale, Fla., on May 6-9. In the women's events, Simona Koch of Germany won the 1-m springboard; Irina Lashko of Russia took the 3-m springboard; and Svetlana Khokhlova of Russia won the 10-m platform. Winners in the men's competition were Wang Yijie of China in the 1-m springboard, Lan Wei of China in the 3-m springboard,

Arad

2004-08-29T03:34:00.000-07:00

The site became a Roman outpost south of the river at Aradu Nou (“New Arad”). The first documented mention of Arad dates from 1156. Arad was in Turkish hands, with brief

Polestar

2004-08-26T08:01:00.000-07:00

Also spelled pole star , also called (Northern Hemisphere) North Star the brightest star that appears nearest to either celestial pole at any particular time. Owing to the precession of the equinoxes, the position of each pole describes a small circle in the sky over a period of 25,800 years. Each of a succession of stars has thus passed near enough to the north celestial pole to serve as the polestar. At present the polestar is Polaris; Thuban

Lustred Glass

2004-08-25T11:44:00.000-07:00

Art glass in the Art Nouveau style. It is a delicately iridescent glass with rich colours. Lustred glass was first produced in the United States by Louis Comfort Tiffany during the late 1800s for use as windowpanes. The intention of the inventor of Tiffany lustred glass, Arthur J. Nash, was to recreate artificially the natural iridescent sheen produced by the corrosion

ChemicalEgg

Gweru

Say, Léon

Arculf

France, History Of, Rural life

Teapot Dome Scandal

Jackson, John

Tar-baby

Zaghlul, Sa'd

Porpora, Nicola (antonio Giacinto)

Hachiman

Palanpur

Vanadinite

Buddhism, The Buddha: divinization and multiplicity

Wesleyan Church

Aufwuchs

Naser Od-din Shah

Loch (of Drylaw), Henry Brougham Loch, 1st Baron

Kiriwina Islands

China, Foreign relations

Gynecomastia

Salamander

Lilienthal, David E.

Ulam, Stanislaw Marcin

Marsh, George Perkins

Argentina, Attempts to restore constitutionalism, 195566

Wuppertal

Hadrumetum

Augustus Ii

Mobutu Sese Seko Koko Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (joseph-désiré Mobutu)

Dowding, Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron

Islamic World, Trans-Saharan Islam

Clovis I

Crane Fly

United Nations

World War I, The strategy of the Western Allies, 1914

Tigris-euphrates River System

Arab Legion

Dadra And Nagar Haveli

Minamoto Yoshiie

Medicine, Clinical observation

Korean Language

Gafencu, Grigore

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

Kadamba Family

Ta-pa Mountains

World War I, German strategy and the submarine war, 1916January 1917

Gadamer, Hans-georg

Chad, Flag Of

Philip Iii

Grayling

France, History Of, The Jacobin dictatorship

Seabury, Samuel

Davis, Benjamin O., Jr.

Lupton, Thomas Goff

Aschelminth, Internal features

Carnivore, Natural history

Nebula, Neutral clouds (H I regions)

Paleography

Adam Of Bremen

Alimentary Paste

West Frisian Islands

Bacheller, Irving (addison)

Ciné-club

Ahhiyawa

Bean, Roy

Theodosius I

Telescope, X-ray telescopes

Canadian Imperial Bank Of Commerce

Nordmeyer, Sir Arnold Henry

Strabo

Earth, Variation with internal density distribution

Rabab

Rabab

Adductor Muscle

Pottery, Archaic period (c. 750c. 480 BC)

Ausonius, Decimus Magnus

Kamacite

Iacocca, Lee

Empiricism, In modern philosophy

Argentina, Attempts to restore constitutionalism, 195566

World War I, German strategy and the submarine war, 1916January 1917

Pottery, Archaic period (c. 750c. 480 BC)